A young lady had a lower front tooth exacted a few months ago due to tooth decay and she came to us requesting for a permanent replacement of that missing tooth. She didn’t want a denture as it was a removeable appliance. She wanted something fixed in her mouth but wasn’t a bridge as she believe a bridge would damage her neighbour teeth.
Therefore, a dental implant was suggested to her.
After a few months a dental implant tooth was completed and she was quite happy about her implant now.
Below are the process of:
BlogNEWS AND DENTAL EDUCATION
We share informative articles and news.
Below are some of the digital radiography images taken for assessment and consultation prior to surgery removal of wisdom teeth in our clinic
The difficulty of the surgery to removal wisdom teeth are relied on a few factors:
- the position of the wisdom tooth – deep impaction, horizontal impaction would be more difficult than the forward or backward tilt of the wisdom teeth
- the number of roots – the more root a wisdom tooth has, the more difficult it is going to be
- the morphology of wisdom teeth – if the crown is big than surgery will be easier, but if the roots are long, slender and curve then it will be more difficult to be removed as compared to short and fat roots
- near to nearby structure – if the root lies in or very near to the nerve canal in the jaw bone then surgery to remove it has to be very careful not to damage the nerve.
- Other factors: mouth opening, cooperation, the level of anxiety, age
Vertical Impaction of Lower Wisdom Teeth
Left lower wisdom tooth was in vertical position, 2 separated roots. Surgical difficulty – simple.
Right lower wisdom tooth (red arrow) was tilted backward (distally impaction), with 2 separated roots. The distal root curve 90 degree. Surgical difficulty – moderate to difficult.
We would like to welcome our new dentist… Dr. Chong.
Thank you so much for give us a chance to have you as our team!! Hope you will enjoy working with us…
Dr. Chong’s Resume:
Dr. Chong Sum Ying is a general dental practitioner who received her Bachelor of Dental Surgery or BDS degree from University of Malaya in 2008. She has been working as a dental surgeon for more than 4 years in the government health clinics and private clinic with an emphasis on cosmetic and restorative dentistry.
Now we open on Wednesday
Starting 1st of June 2012, we open every WEDNESDAY
THEREFORE, We’ll open EVERYDAY
OUR Working Hours
- Monday – Friday 10.00am – 7.00pm
- Saturday
10.00am – 6.00pm - Sunday
10.00am – 1.00pm (Please call for an appointment on Sunday) - Public Holidays Close
Realignment of front upper teeth from this….
to this (below) with full porcelain crown…
…
Wishing everyone:
Happy Chinese New Year and Gong Xi Fa Chai
From: Prestige Dental Care
We close from 22 (Sunday) till 29 (Sunday) January due to this festival season. Business will resume as usual on 30 of January 2012.
For more information, please call us at 03-8060 3389 or email us!!
Dental Anxieties, Dental Fear & Dental Phobias
For many individuals, visiting a dental clinic is the worst fear they are going to face. Partly due to the unknown or unexpected procedure that they are going to face which is usually a painful or uncomfortable. Some people might have previous experiences from childhood dental clinics or traumatic dental treatments have left many patients with underlying dental fears and phobias of the dentist, which in turn leads to missed dental appointments, neglected teeth (dentition) and in worse cases dental toothache / dental pain. Regular dental examinations (check-ups) by your dentist will reduce your need for emergency dental treatment and toothache. If you have any concerns or worries about your teeth and gums, make a dental appointment with our team.
Nervous Patients
We in Prestige Dental Care understand how daunting and nerve wracking a trip to the dentist can be, we aim to take our time with you during your dental appointment and hope to allay those fears. We provide a calming atmosphere starting from your welcoming entry into reception, to the relaxing waiting area, stylish surgeries and friendly staff. Within time you can build up a good relationship with your dentist and feel confident in any dental treatment you may require. During your initial appointment with your dental practitioner, you should use this time to discuss your fears and anxieties regarding dental care. Perhaps a certain treatment or procedure makes you feel uneasy, often once the dental surgeon has explained what they are going to do, you can feel reassured and know what to expect. It is often advantageous to agree a stop signal with your dentist, such as the lift of your hand, so the dental practitioner knows when you need a rest during the treatment appointment. For those among us that have a deep set anxiety in relation to dental treatment we offer conscious dental sedation making dental treatment more acceptable.Conscious Dental Sedation
For some people the word dentist does evoke a deep fear and this unfortunately prevents patients from seeking treatment. For our patients we offer conscious dental sedation which alleviates the anxiety associated with dental treatment making it a more tolerable experience.Introduction: What is conscious dental sedation?
By definition, conscious sedation is:
“A technique in which the use of a drug or drugs produces a state of depression of the central nervous system enabling treatment to be carried out, but during which verbal contact with the patient is maintained throughout the period of sedation. The drugs and techniques used to provide conscious sedation for dental treatment should carry a margin of safety wide enough to render loss of consciousness unlikely.”
Conscious dental sedation is a technique used widely in dentistry to help those patients’ with a fear of the dentist. The sedative drug/gas is introduced through inhalation, orally or via a needle in the back of your hand or in your arm, you will become relax, drowsy and unaware of treatment but will still be able to cooperate with your dentist. The sedative drug will not render you unconscious but it will make you very relaxed and you will still be able to understand and cooperate with your dentist. The sedative drug also has amnesic properties so you may not remember your dental visit. Throughout your dental procedure, your dentist will monitor your pulse and your oxygen saturation levels in your blood, these measurements helps the dentist keep an eye on you and makes sure you are alright.Range of Techniques:
Intravenous sedation with midazolam Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen Oral sedation with benzodiazepines/midazolam The majority of anxious or phobic patients can be treated with these techniques or a combination of them. Others may respond better with alternative techniques such as: Intravenous sedation with more than one drug Intravenous sedation with propofol Transmucosal sedation (nasal, sublingual)Some reasons for prescribing sedation:
To treat anxious or phobic patients who would otherwise be denied access to dentistry. To enable an unpleasant procedure to be carried out without distress to the patient. To avoid general anaesthesiaRead More
Topics
- Introduction
- What is nitrous oxide?
- The goal of nitrous oxide inhalation..
- Is nitrous oxide safe?
- Is nitrous oxide safe for children?
- What are the advantages of nitrous oxide?
- Disadvantages of nitrous oxide?
- Contraindications of nitrous oxide
- What does it feel like?
- Before taking nitrous oxide
- Is nitrous oxide right for me?
Feeling Anxious About Dental Treatment?
Introducing…….
Nitrous Oxide Relaxation….
Transforming dental anxiety into soothing, peaceful relaxation with absolute safety.
Breathing nitrous oxide will put a smile on your face from the moment you slip into the dentist’s chair. This safe and highly effective method of patient relaxation has helped millions of people overcome their anxieties about dental treatment.
As you try nitrous oxide, your feelings of anxiety will melt away quickly and be replaced by a warm, gentle feeling. Patient describe the experince as peacefully floating in pleasant dreamlike state. The apprehensive child or adult, nitrous oxide can be the key to an enjoyable, comfortable and anxiety-free dental experience.
What is nitrous oxide?
Commonly known as “laughing gas”, nitrous oxide is a non-allergenic, non-irritating gas that affects the central nervous system. It is one of the safest forms of sedation available and is easily and completely reversed by breathing normally for 5 to 10 minutes following treatment.Nitrous oxide is used in combination with pure oxygen to relieve dentistry-related anxiety. When inhaled and absorbed into the body, nitrous oxide has a natural calming effect that lasts only as long as your dental procedure.
The goal of nitrous oxide inhalation..
The goal of use of nitrous oxide in dentistry is to eliminate dental anxiety, making the patient more comfortable while the sedation dentist is able to more effectively complete the planned dental care procedure while the patient is sedated. Consult with your dentist to find out if this pain free procedure right for you.
Is nitrous oxide safe?
COMPLETELY. Nitrous oxide is recognized as the safest sedative used in dentistry today. It is mild, non-toxic and removes itself naturally from your body after use. Its benefits are even recommended for patients with certain medical conditions, including high blood pressure, angina and a history of heart attacks. And, unlike general anaesthesia, patients on nitrous oxide remain fully conscious and responsive at all times.
Is nitrous oxide safe for children?
ABSOLUTELY. While our practice goes to great lengths to make every child feel at ease, some children required a degree of sedation to achieve successful treatment. Nitrous oxide is the safest, most effective form of sedation to relieve your child’s fears and ensure a positive experience.
What are the advantages of nitrous oxide?
- It’s fast acting – Within minutes of administration, your stress will be transformed into a sensation of smoothing relaxation and pain-killing properties develop after 2 or 3 minutes..
- Your depth of sedation can be adjusted easily – The depth of nitrous oxide sedation can be adjusted to quickly achieve your optimal level of relaxation. Other sedation techniques don’t allow for this. For example, with IV sedation, it’s easy to deepen the level of sedation, but difficult to lessen it.
- Recovery time is short – In just 3 to 5 minutes after the flow of nitrous oxide is stopped (100% Oxygen flush), the effects completely disappear from your system. In fact, nitrous oxide is the only form of sedation that has no lasting after-effects that impair your ability to drive. You will simply feel refreshed and ready to go about your daily activities.
- Certain procedures can be done without local anaesthesia – those that usually involved the gums such as deep cleaning. Nitrous oxide acts as a painkiller on soft tissues such as gums. However, its pain-relieving effects vary a lot from person to person and can’t be relied upon.
- Very safe – Inhalation sedation has very few side effects and the drugs used have no ill effects on the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain.
- Reduce gagging – Inhalation sedation can be very effective in eliminating or at least minimizing severe gagging.
Disadvantages of nitrous oxide?
- Not comfortable with laughing gas – Some patients might afraid they might ‘lose control’ and some actually feel nauseous when inhaling nitrous oxide which are quite rare and usually due to over-sedation.
- Inadequate of sedation – Some people will not achieve adequate sedation with permissible levels of oxygen.
- Not comfortable with nasal mask – If you can’t breathe through your nose (either because you’re a pure mouth breather, or because your nose is blocked), or you feel too claustrophobic when something is put over your nose, it can’t be used.
Contraindications of nitrous oxide
- Significant respiratory compromise
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Conditions related to vitamin B12 deficiency
- Nitrous oxide is relatively contraindicated in pregnancy
What does it feel like?
The most common sensations that patients experience are:
- tingling of hands and feet
- a general feeling of warmth
- numbness of your legs, tongue and oral tissues
- a ringing sensation or droning sound
- feelings of euphoria
- feelings of heaviness or lightness
If you feel nauseous while breathing nitrous oxide, please inform the dentist immediately so that the level can be adjusted.
Not everyone enjoys the feeling of nitrous oxide. If you feel uncomfortable at any time while breathing nitrous oxide, you can discontinue it at once by breathing deeply through your mouth. Be sure to let the dentist know so that the gas can be turned off.
Before taking nitrous oxide:
1. Do not eat or drink anything for 2 hours prior to your appointment. Otherwise you may feel nauseous or vomit during treatment.
2. Inform us of any changes to your medical history or any medications you are presently taking.
3. Use the restroom before your dental procedure.
Is nitrous oxide right for me?
Please discuss the possibility of nitrous oxide conscious sedation with us. It may be just the solution you or your child have been waiting for. If you have any questions regarding the use of nitrous oxide, feel free to discuss it with our dentist.
Read More
- Dental Anxiety
- Gas Sedation
- Nitrous oxide delivery system
- Oral Sedation
- IV Sedation
- General Anesthesia
Porcelain Bridge
Cases of porcelain bridge
Case one: Missing front tooth
This young lady had a missing upper front tooth. She wanted replacement which looked as natural as possible. A porcelain bridge was suggested.
Unfortunately, the space for the front left central incisor was inadequate for a front tooth!!
Impression of her upper jaw and a study model was fabricated for assessment.
Diagnostic wax-up of the her bridge was made on the study model. Then, the patient’s teeth were prepared for bridge construction.
The porcelain bridge was constructed by laboratory technician. Back view of the bridge (below).
Full porcelain bridge IPS e.max®.
The porcelain bridge was cemented with transparent resin cement.
She was very pleased with the final outcome. Now she can smile!
Case 2: Badly decay front teeth
This young man presented with a badly decay front teeth with both lateral incisor placed behind. He wanted to make over all his front teeth.
In the assessment, we found numerous problems: decay front teeth, lateral front teeth placed backward and the canines looked unnatural. We started with root canal treatment on his front teeth. Due to backward position of the lateral incisors, we have the teeth extracted and after healing, he was ready for bridge construction. We proposed to him to have 2 porcelain bridge (each consist of 3 unit tooth) from his canine to the other side of his canine. (Want to know more about root canal treatment click here).
An study model was duplicated from his mouth and diagnostic wax-up was done to reassemble the final outcome of his bridges.
The teeth was prepared for bridges construction under local anaesthesia.
A provisional bridge was fabricated for him to wear while waiting for the final bridge
Finally, the porcelain bridges were cemented with transparent resin cement
The back view of the bridges with healing socket of the extracted lateral incisors.
Now, he can smile confidently!!
Read more
…Topics
- Problems with missing teeth
- What is a dental bridge?
- Anatomy of a dental bridge
- Composition of a bridge
- Types of dental bridge
- How bridge is fitted
- Cases done in our clinic
- Maintenance of dental bridge
- How Long do Bridges Last?
Problems with missing teeth
Most people want a gap in their mouth filled for cosmetic reasons, and understandably so: beautiful smile is a very important part of the impression you make to the outside world. However, there is a more important reason to close gaps in your mouth where teeth are missing; it is actually harmful to have a missing tooth, because teeth tend to drift out of place when there is a gap and move forward into the space that has been created. This leads to all kinds of serious problems, including bone loss, and, if left untreated, you can loose more teeth. Therefore, replacing a tooth is important!! Usually it can be done by fabricating a denture, bridge or implant.
What is a dental bridge?
A bridge is a way of replacing one or more missing teeth in the mouth. It is also known as fixed partial denture, which used to replace a missing tooth by joining permanently to adjacent teeth or dental implants. Unlike traditional removable dentures, a dental bridge is permanent as it’s anchored to the teeth at one, or both, sides using metal bands held in place by resin or cement. If well cared for, a dental bridge should last for 10 to 15 years.
Anatomy of a dental bridge
A bridge consist of a ‘false teeth/tooth which is called pontic connected by connectors to retainers. Bothe retainers sit on the abutment teeth: 
Retainers. Part of the bridge will have metal castings, called retainers. They are made to fit onto what the dentist has cut away on the abutment teeth. Retainers also secure and support the bridge’s artificial tooth or teeth. Pontics. A pontic is an artificial tooth that is suspended from the retainer casting. A pontic occupies the space formerly filled by the crown of a natural tooth. Connectors. A pontic is attached to a retainer by a connector. Connectors can be rigid or nonrigid. Nonrigid connectors take the form of male- and female-locking arrangements. Rigid connectors are classified as either cast or soldered. Abutments. The teeth that support and hold the retainer are called abutments. It is almost mandatory that an bridge be supported by an abutment at both ends. This requirement is waived in special situations. When a pontic is suspended from only one retainer, it is cantilevered.
Composition of a dental bridge
The materials used for the bridges include gold, porcelain fused to metal, or in the correct situation porcelain alone (full porcelain). The amount and type of reduction done to the abutment teeth varies slightly with the different materials used. The recipient of such a bridge must be careful to clean well under this prosthesis.
Types of dental bridge
There are three types of dental bridge: fixed, resin bonded, and cantilever. The type of bridge used will depend on the quality of the teeth on either side of the gap, as well as the position of the gap. 1.) Fixed Bridges With a fixed bridge, the false tooth, or pontic, is anchored to new crowns attached to the teeth either side of the gap. These crowns are usually made from porcelain with the new tooth made from either ceramic or porcelain. This forms a very strong bridge that can be used anywhere in the mouth. 2) Resin Bonded Bridges Sometimes called Maryland Bonded, these dental bridges do not involve crowning the adjacent teeth, so are useful where these show little or no previous damage. The new tooth is generally made from plastic and is attached via metal bands bonded to the adjacent teeth using resin. This type of bridge is particularly suitable for front teeth where stress is minimal, and the bond can be made out of view behind the teeth. 3) Cantilever Bridges These dental bridges are used where there is a healthy tooth only on one side of the gap. The bridge is anchored to one or more teeth on just one side. As a result, this type of bridge is generally only suitable for low stress bridges such as front teeth.
How your bridge is fitted
Getting a bridge usually requires two or more visits. While the teeth are numb, the two anchoring teeth are prepared by removing a portion of enamel to allow for a crown. Next, a highly accurate impression (mold) is made which will be sent to a dental laboratory where the bridge will be fabricated. In addition, a temporary bridge will be made and worn for several weeks until your next appointment. At the second visit, you permanent bridge will be carefully checked, adjusted, and cemented to achieve a proper fit. Occasionally your dentist may only temporarily cement the bridge, allowing your teeth and tissue time to get used to the new bridge. The new bridge will be permanently cemented at a later time.
Cases done in our clinic:
Case One: Multiple missing teeth 
This patient was a young female, wearing denture for more many years. She came to us, wanted something fix or permanent which looked more natural than her denture. She presented with multiple missing (below). After assessing her, we suggested a 9 unit bridge extending from upper left canine to her upper right molar with non-rigid connector between her upper right canine and first premolar. We also suggested her to have a implant-supported bridge for her upper left quadrant. 
Shade or colour selection was chosen and the remaining teeth were prepared for bridge construction under local anaesthesia. 
Impression of her teeth were taken and a dental model was fabricated. The laboratory technician construction the bridge on the model. 
The non-rigid connector just behind the right canine used to connect the rest of the bridge a the posterior right (above) 
The connector at the back of the upper right canine was covered properly with porcelain. 
The anterior part of the bridge was cemented onto patient’s mouth (above and below – the back view) 
Finally, the back portion of the bridge is cemented to the back molar 
Final result!! Case Two: Multiple missing teeth 
This gentleman complained that his old denture was getting shorten and he wanted something permanent 
His denture looked really old with discolouration over the ‘pink’ part of the denture 
On the palatal view showed multiple missing teeth involving the upper front and right side. 
A 9 unit bridge was constructed and cemented onto patient’s mouth. Due to bone resorption at the front part, ‘pink’ porcelain was added to supported his upper lip giving him a youthful look. 
Palatal view: the bridge extended from left canine to right molar 
Final result!!
Maintenance of dental bridge
Dental hygiene becomes a little more complicated if you have a bridge, making normal flossing impossible in that area, nevertheless you do have to take care that the teeth adjoining the artificial tooth are thoroughly cleaned. Even the best fitting bridge will still have gaps around and beneath it, and these can quickly accumulate damaging debris if you do not follow a strict hygiene regime.Your dentist can show you how to do this, using special floss (eg. superfloss) or flossing needles. These floss go ‘under’ the pontic area and area near to the abutment to remove the food usually stagnant there.
How Long do Bridges Last?
While crowns and bridges can last a lifetime, they do sometimes come loose or fall out. The most important step you can take to ensure the longevity of your crown or bridge is to practice good oral hygiene. A bridge can lose its support if the teeth or bone holding it in place are damaged by dental disease. Keep your gums and teeth healthy by brushing with fluoride toothpaste twice a day and flossing daily. Also see your dentist and hygienist regularly for checkups and professional cleanings. To prevent damage to your new crown or bridge, avoid chewing hard foods, ice or other hard objects.
Read more
- Problem with missing teeth
- Dental Bridge
- Highly aesthetic/porcelain bridge
- What is Zirconia Full Porcelain Restoration?
- A case of aesthetic makeover (I) with full porcelain bridge – Replacing missing teeth
- Dental Implant
- Denture
- Fear of Dental Treatment? How to overcome it…
More info on General Dental Treatment
- Dental check-up
- Kids Dentistry
- Scaling and Polishing
- Fillings with composite resin
- Root Canal Treatment
- Crown
- Bridge
- Denture
- Dental Implant
…
Complications of dental extraction
Infection: Although rare, it does occur. The dentist may opt to prescribe antibiotics pre- and/or post-operatively if they determine the patient to be at risk.
Prolonged bleeding: The dentist has a variety of means at their disposal to address bleeding; however, it is important to note that small amounts of blood mixed in the saliva after extractions are normal, even up to 72 hours after extraction. Usually, however, bleeding will almost completely stop within eight hours of the surgery, with only minuscule amounts of blood mixed with saliva coming from the wound. A gauze compress will significantly reduce bleeding over a period of a few hours.
Swelling: Often dictated by the amount of surgery performed to extract a tooth (e.g. surgical insult to the tissues both hard and soft surrounding a tooth). Generally, when a surgical flap must be elevated (i.e. and the periosteum covering the bone is thus injured), minor to moderate swelling will occur. A poorly-cut soft tissue flap, for instance, where the periosteum is torn off rather than cleanly elevated off the underlying bone, will often increase such swelling. Similarly, when bone must be removed using a drill, more swelling is likely to occur.
Sinus exposure and oral-antral communication: This can occur when extracting upper molars (and in some patients, upper premolars). The maxillary sinus sits right above the roots of maxillary molars and premolars. There is a bony floor of the sinus dividing the tooth socket from the sinus itself. This bone can range from thick to thin from tooth to tooth from patient to patient. In some cases it is absent and the root is in fact in the sinus. At other times, this bone may be removed with the tooth, or may be perforated during surgical extractions. The doctor typically mentions this risk to patients, based on evaluation of radiographs showing the relationship of the tooth to the sinus. It is important to note that the sinus cavity is lined with a membrane called the Sniderian membrane, which may or may not be perforated. If this membrane is exposed after an extraction, but remains intact, a “sinus exposed” has occurred. If the membrane is perforated, however, it is a “sinus communication”. These two conditions are treated differently. In the event of a sinus communication, the dentist may decide to let it heal on its own or may need to surgically obtain primary closure—depending on the size of the exposure as well as the likelihood of the patient to heal. In both cases, a resorbable material called “gelfoam” is typically placed in the extraction site to promote clotting and serve as a framework for granulation tissue to accumulate. Patients are typically provided with prescriptions for antibiotics that cover sinus bacterial flora, decongestants, as well as careful instructions to follow during the healing period.
Nerve injury: This is primarily an issue with extraction of third molars, but can occur with the extraction of any tooth should the nerve be close to the surgical site. Two nerves are typically of concern, and are found in duplicate (one left and one right): 1. the inferior alveolar nerve, which enters the mandible at the mandibular foramen and exits the mandible at the sides of the chin from the mental foramen. This nerve supplies sensation to the lower teeth on the right or left half of the dental arch, as well as sense of touch to the right or left half of the chin and lower lip. 2. The lingual nerve (one right and one left), which branches off the mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve and courses just inside the jaw bone, entering the tongue and supplying sense of touch and taste to the right and left half of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue as well as the lingual gingiva (i.e. the gums on the inside surface of the dental arch). Such injuries can occur while lifting teeth (typically the inferior alveolar), but are most commonly caused by inadvertent damage with a surgical drill. Such injuries are rare and are usually temporary, but depending on the type of injury (i.e. Seddon classification: neuropraxia, axonotmesis, & neurotmesis), can be prolonged or even permanent.
Displacement of tooth or part of tooth into the maxillary sinus (upper teeth only). In such cases, almost always the tooth or tooth fragment must be retrieved. In some cases, the sinus cavity can be irrigated with saline (antral lavage) and the tooth fragment may be brought back to the site of the opening through which it entered the sinus, and may be retrievable. At other times, a window must be made into the sinus in the Canine fossa–a procedure referred to as “Caldwell luc”.
Dry socket (Alveolar osteitis) is a painful phenomenon that most commonly occurs a few days following the removal of mandibular (lower) wisdom teeth. It is commonly believed that it occurs because the blood clot within the healing tooth extraction site is disrupted. More likely,alveolar osteitis is a phenomenon of painful inflammation within the empty tooth socket because of the relatively poor blood supply to this area of the mandible (which explains why dry socket is usually not experienced in other parts of the jaws). Inflamed alveolar bone, unprotected and exposed to the oral environment after tooth extraction, can become packed with food and debris. A dry socket typically causes a sharp and sudden increase in pain commencing 2–5 days following the extraction of a mandibular molar, most commonly the third molar. This is often extremely unpleasant for the patient; the only symptom of dry socket is pain, which often radiates up and down the head and neck. A dry socket is not an infection, and is not directly associated with swelling because it occurs entirely within bone — it is a phenomenon of inflammation within the bony lining of an empty tooth socket. Because dry socket is not an infection, the use of antibiotics has no effect on its rate of occurrence. The risk factor for alveolar osteitis can dramatically increase with smoking after an extraction.
Bone fragments Particularly when extraction of molars is involved, it is not uncommon for the bones which formerly supported the tooth to shift and in some cases to erupt through the gums, presenting protruding sharp edges which can irritate the tongue and cause discomfort. This is distinguished from a similar phenomena where broken fragments of bone or tooth left over from the extraction can also protrude through the gums. In the latter case, the fragments will usually work their way out on their own. In the former case, the protrusions can either be snipped off by the dentist, or eventually the exposed bone will erode away on its own.
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